It is becoming evident that microbiota can directly signal to the host by generating bioactive metabolites, which would contribute to the development (i.e., imidazole propionate) or amelioration of metabolic diseases (i.e., short-chain fatty acids). In our lab, we aim to identify therapeutics for metabolic diseases including diabetes and cancer based on mechanistic understanding of the role of microbial metabolites. In addition, we will investigate inter-individual variations or failure in drug response in the context of microbial metabolite milieu by using organoids as a model system.